Mental Toughness
This first Individualized Mental Toughness Program (IMTP) developed by Owen Chan Hing Wan, aimed to enhance mental toughness, as a psychological capacity that enables individuals to sustain goal-directed thoughts, emotions, and behaviors under pressure (Gucciardi et al., 2015).
Perf. Under Pressure
Our IMTP also improves your actual performance under pressure, as evaluated by stakeholders such as coaches. Specifically, your passing error in soccer or your shooting error in basketball, you name it (Chan, 2025).
Athletic Development
We also consider athletic development in the long term. It is widely believed that mentally tough athletes are more likely to achieve success in sports (Hsieh et al., 2024)
A Brief Overview Video
Overview of 4 Systematic Steps in IMTP
1. Assessment
We consider individual differences by assessing athletes using approximately 8–10 questionnaires and conducting initial meetings.
2. Intervention
We tailor the intervention for each athlete based on the assessment.
3. Evaluation
We compare pre- and post-intervention data from athletes and other relevant individuals, such as coaches and parents.
4. Retention
After a certain period, such as one year, we plan to provide a short and effective program on a regular basis to enhance the long-term retention of mental toughness.
Reference:
Chan Hing Wan, O. (2025). Practical Individualized Mental Toughness Program: A Case of Hong Kong Non-Elite Shuttlecock Youth Athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520704.2025.2583998
Chan Hing Wan, O., Ely, G. (Manuscript). Practical Individualized Mental Toughness Program: Examine Retention Effect With A Mixed Analysis From A Case Of Hong Kong Non-Elite Shuttlecock Athletes
Gucciardi, D. F., Hanton, S., Gordon, S., Mallett, C. J., & Temby, P. (2015). The concept of mental toughness: Tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. Journal of Personality, 83(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12079
Hsieh, Y. C., Lu, F. J., Gill, D. L., Hsu, Y. W., Wong, T. L., & Kuan, G. (2024). Effects of mental toughness on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 22(6), 1317–1338. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2023.2204312